Zinc
Full analysis
Forest plot
Funnel plot
Egger’s test
## [1] "No replication of infants across vaccines or significant vaccine effect, therefore combined test performed"##
## Regression Test for Funnel Plot Asymmetry
##
## model: mixed-effects meta-regression model
## predictor: standard error
##
## test for funnel plot asymmetry: z = -0.7740, p = 0.4389Meta-analysis output
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## Random-Effects Model (k = 6; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## logLik deviance AIC BIC AICc
## -1.8637 3.7275 7.7275 6.9463 13.7275
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.0612 (SE = 0.0593)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.2473
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 69.10%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 3.24
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 5) = 14.5442, p-val = 0.0125
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## 0.1079 0.1256 0.8594 0.3901 -0.1382 0.3541
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Meta-regression output
##
## Mixed-Effects Model (k = 6; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of residual heterogeneity): 0.1525 (SE = 0.1601)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.3905
## I^2 (residual heterogeneity / unaccounted variability): 79.51%
## H^2 (unaccounted variability / sampling variability): 4.88
## R^2 (amount of heterogeneity accounted for): 0.00%
##
## Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
## QE(df = 3) = 10.9734, p-val = 0.0119
##
## Test of Moderators (coefficient(s) 2:3):
## QM(df = 2) = 0.1514, p-val = 0.9271
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## intrcpt 0.1475 0.2214 0.6662 0.5053 -0.2865 0.5815
## VaccinePolio -0.1554 0.4580 -0.3394 0.7343 -1.0531 0.7422
## VaccineRotavirus -0.1271 0.4891 -0.2599 0.7949 -1.0856 0.8314
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Intervention-specific outputs
Summary of cholera studies
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## Random-Effects Model (k = 4; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## logLik deviance AIC BIC AICc
## -2.0064 4.0127 8.0127 6.2100 20.0127
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of total heterogeneity): 0.1525 (SE = 0.1601)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.3905
## I^2 (total heterogeneity / total variability): 79.51%
## H^2 (total variability / sampling variability): 4.88
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 3) = 10.9734, p-val = 0.0119
##
## Model Results:
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## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## 0.1475 0.2214 0.6662 0.5053 -0.2865 0.5815
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Summary of rotavirus studies
## [1] "Insufficient studies (n<2)"Summary of PV3 studies
## [1] "Insufficient studies (n<2)"Meta-regression: secondary moderators
Age group
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## child_under5y infant
## 3 3##
## Mixed-Effects Model (k = 6; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of residual heterogeneity): 0.0000 (SE = 0.0211)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.0026
## I^2 (residual heterogeneity / unaccounted variability): 0.02%
## H^2 (unaccounted variability / sampling variability): 1.00
## R^2 (amount of heterogeneity accounted for): 99.99%
##
## Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
## QE(df = 4) = 4.8244, p-val = 0.3058
##
## Test of Moderators (coefficient(s) 2):
## QM(df = 1) = 9.7173, p-val = 0.0018
##
## Model Results:
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## estimate se zval pval ci.lb
## intrcpt 0.3500 0.1022 3.4237 0.0006 0.1497
## factor(Age_group)infant -0.4023 0.1291 -3.1173 0.0018 -0.6553
## ci.ub
## intrcpt 0.5504 ***
## factor(Age_group)infant -0.1494 **
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Income setting
## [1] "No variation in moderator among studies"Background immunogenicity (seroconversion rate in the control group)
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## Mixed-Effects Model (k = 6; tau^2 estimator: REML)
##
## tau^2 (estimated amount of residual heterogeneity): 0.0986 (SE = 0.0945)
## tau (square root of estimated tau^2 value): 0.3140
## I^2 (residual heterogeneity / unaccounted variability): 76.87%
## H^2 (unaccounted variability / sampling variability): 4.32
## R^2 (amount of heterogeneity accounted for): 0.00%
##
## Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
## QE(df = 4) = 14.1815, p-val = 0.0067
##
## Test of Moderators (coefficient(s) 2):
## QM(df = 1) = 0.0270, p-val = 0.8695
##
## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval
## intrcpt 0.2700 1.0339 0.2612 0.7940
## asin(sqrt(Baseline_seroconversion)) -0.2131 1.2972 -0.1643 0.8695
## ci.lb ci.ub
## intrcpt -1.7565 2.2965
## asin(sqrt(Baseline_seroconversion)) -2.7556 2.3293
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1OPV-specific analysis
Forest plot
Funnel plot
Egger’s test
Infants replicated across vaccines, therefore separate tests performed
## [1] "OPV1:"## [1] "Insufficient studies (n<3)"## [1] "OPV2:"## [1] "Insufficient studies (n<3)"## [1] "OPV3:"## [1] "Insufficient studies (n<3)"Meta-analysis output
##
## Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 3; method: REML)
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## logLik Deviance AIC BIC AICc
## 3.4919 -6.9839 -4.9839 -6.2907 -0.9839
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## Variance Components:
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## estim sqrt nlvls fixed factor
## sigma^2 0.0000 0.0000 1 yes Reference
##
## Test for Heterogeneity:
## Q(df = 2) = 0.3486, p-val = 0.8401
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## Model Results:
##
## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## 0.0279 0.0328 0.8510 0.3947 -0.0364 0.0923
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Meta-regression output
##
## Multivariate Meta-Analysis Model (k = 3; method: REML)
##
## Variance Components:
##
## estim sqrt nlvls fixed factor
## sigma^2 0.0000 0.0000 1 yes Reference
##
## Test for Residual Heterogeneity:
## QE(df = 0) = 0.0000, p-val = 1.0000
##
## Test of Moderators (coefficient(s) 2:3):
## QM(df = 2) = 0.3486, p-val = 0.8401
##
## Model Results:
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## estimate se zval pval ci.lb ci.ub
## intrcpt 0.0221 0.0447 0.4934 0.6217 -0.0656 0.1098
## Measure_of_SCOPV2 N-AB 0.0297 0.0726 0.4096 0.6821 -0.1125 0.1720
## Measure_of_SCOPV3 N-AB -0.0300 0.1010 -0.2972 0.7663 -0.2279 0.1679
##
## intrcpt
## Measure_of_SCOPV2 N-AB
## Measure_of_SCOPV3 N-AB
##
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1Serotype-specific outputs
Summary of PV1 studies
## [1] "Insufficient studies (n<2)"Summary of PV2 studies
## [1] "Insufficient studies (n<2)"Summary of PV3 studies
## [1] "Insufficient studies (n<2)"